Do We Need More Than a Transthoracic Echocardiography When Evaluating Children with Congenital Heart Disease before Cardiac Surgery?

Abstract

Aim: To determine if a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be used as the sole diagnostic imaging modality to evaluate children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at the King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center. We reviewed all pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the period January 2011 to December 2011.

Results: Three hundred ninety-two pediatric patients with CHD fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 287 (73%) underwent surgical interventions based on a TTE alone, while 105 (27%) required additional diagnostic imaging modalities, including a cardiac catheterization (68/105; 65%), cardiac computed tomography angiography (36/105; 34%), or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (1/105; 1%). A TTE was not enough for all the patients who underwent a cardiac catheterization to find out additional anatomical information (22%), either to directly measure pulmonary artery pressures (62%) or to study vascular reactivity in patients with pulmonary hypertension (16%). Of 36 patients who underwent a cardiac computed tomography angiography, five (14%) had additional information to be added to TTE findings. Of all the patients, 81% had enough information using only the TTE compared to 19% in whom the TTE was not enough to provide all needed information. Only (7/392; 1.8%) patients had additional minor intraoperative findings that did not affect the surgical decision.

Conclusion: Despite the emergence of other imaging modalities, a TTE can be used as the sole diagnostic imaging modality for a preoperative assessment in the majority of children with CHD. Other imaging modalities can be employed with limited indications.

Keywords: Cardiac Surgery; Congenital Heart Disease; Imaging Modalities; Transthoracic Echocardiography.