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Review
. 2015 Nov 14;21(42):11954-63.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11954.

Rapid and quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus

Yue-Ping Liu  1 , Chun-Yan Yao  1
Affiliations
Review

Rapid and quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus

Yue-Ping Liu et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Despite availability of a universal vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a huge impact on public health worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis of HBV infection is needed. Rapid developments have been made in the diagnostic and monitoring methods for HBV infection, including serological and molecular assays. In clinical practice, qualitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing has long served as a diagnostic marker for individuals infected with HBV. More recently, HBsAg level has been used to predict treatment outcome when determined early during treatment or at baseline. However, identification of HBV DNA positive cases that do not have detectable HBsAg has encouraged the application of molecular tests. Hence, combination of quantitative detection of HBV DNA and HBsAg can be used to discriminate patients during the course of HBV infection and to monitor therapy. This article reviews the most commonly used quantitative methods for HBsAg and HBV DNA.

Keywords: Biosensor; Hepatitis B virus; Isothermal amplification methods; Polymerase chain reaction; Quantitative assay.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Quantitative methods for hepatitis B virus detection. 1These methods are qualitative or semi-quantitative for HBsAg. HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reaction mechanism of real-time polymerase chain reaction based on TaqMan probe technology. TaqMan probe is an oligo-nucleotide probe that has a fluorescent reporter at the 5’ end and a quencher attached to the 3’ end. Once hybridized to the target sequence during annealing, TaqMan probe is cleaved by DNA polymerase, which separates the fluorescent reporter from the quencher. Once they are separated, the signal is emitted and detected in the real-time machine. The intensity of fluorescence is proportional to the amount of PCR product produced. FRET: Fluorescent resonance energy transfer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scheme of the rolling circle amplification reaction. RCA rapidly synthesizes multiple copies of a single circular template with use of a single primer. RCA: Rolling circle amplification.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scheme of the surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The incidence light causes the changes in wavelength or angle. Changes were detected in real time monitor. SPR: Surface plasmon resonance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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