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Review
. 2015 Nov 3:5:239.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00239. eCollection 2015.

Cervical Cancer in Botswana: Current State and Future Steps for Screening and Treatment Programs

Surbhi Grover  1 , Mmakgomo Raesima  2 , Memory Bvochora-Nsingo  3 , Sebathu P Chiyapo  4 , Dawn Balang  3 , Neo Tapela  5 , Onyinye Balogun  6 , Mukendi K A Kayembe  7 , Anthony H Russell  8 , Barati Monare  9 , Senate Tanyala  9 , Jailakshmi Bhat  9 , Kealeboga Thipe  9 , Metlha Nchunga  9 , Susan Mayisela  9 , Balladiah Kizito  9 , Ari Ho-Foster  10 , Babe Eunice Gaolebale  4 , Ponatshego A Gaolebale  4 , Jason A Efstathiou  8 , Scott Dryden-Peterson  11 , Nicola Zetola  12 , Stephen M Hahn  13 , Erle S Robertson  14 , Lilie L Lin  12 , Chelsea Morroni  15 , Doreen Ramogola-Masire  16
Affiliations
Review

Cervical Cancer in Botswana: Current State and Future Steps for Screening and Treatment Programs

Surbhi Grover et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Botswana has a high burden of cervical cancer due to a limited screening program and high HIV prevalence. About 60% of the cervical cancer patients are HIV positive; most present with advanced cervical disease. Through initiatives by the Botswana Ministry of Health and various strategic partnerships, strides have been made in treatment of pre-invasive and invasive cancer. The See and Treat program for cervical cancer is expanding throughout the country. Starting in 2015, school-going girls will be vaccinated against HPV. In regards to treatment of invasive cancer, a multidisciplinary clinic has been initiated at the main oncology hospital to streamline care. However, challenges remain such as delays in treatment, lack of trained human personnel, limited follow-up care, and little patient education. Despite improvements in the care of pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer patients, for declines in cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality to be achieved, Botswana needs to continue to invest in decreasing the burden of disease and improving patient outcomes of patients with cervical cancer.

Keywords: Botswana; HIV and cancer; cancer screening; cancer treatment; cervical cancer.

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