Affiliation

• ¹ From the *Division of Trauma Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; †Anesthesia Quality Institute, Schaumburg, Illinois; ‡American Society of Anesthesiologists, Schaumburg, Illinois; §Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ¶Division Head of Spine and Orthopaedic Anesthesia Services, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of ∥Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, #Orthopedics and Sport Medicine, and **Neurological Surgery (Adj.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; ††Department of Anesthesiology, Ryder Trauma Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; ‡‡Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; §§Commander, Medical Corps, US Navy, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; ¶¶Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; ∥∥Department of Anesthesiology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; ##Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; ***Division of Trauma Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and †††Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.