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Review
. 2016;12(2):121-31.
doi: 10.2174/1573403x12666151119165628.

Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Heart Failure

Alyssa Riley, Daniel J Gebhard, Ayse Akcan-Arikan  1
Affiliations
Review

Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Heart Failure

Alyssa Riley et al. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2016.

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is very common in pediatric medical and surgical cardiac patients. Not only is it an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in the short run, but repeated episodes of AKI lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) especially in the most vulnerable hosts with multiple risk factors, such as heart transplant recipients. The cardiorenal syndrome, a term coined to emphasize the bidirectional nature of simultaneous or sequential cardiac-renal dysfunction both in acute and chronic settings, has been recently described in adults but scarcely reported in children. Despite the common occurrence and clinical and financial impact, AKI in pediatric heart failure outside of cardiac surgery populations remains poorly studied and there are no large-scale pediatric specific preventive or therapeutic studies to date. This article will review pediatric aspects of the cardiorenal syndrome in terms of pathophysiology, clinical impact and treatment options.

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Figures

Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
Schematic representation of cardiorenal syndrome types.
Fig. (2)
Fig. (2)
Proposed mechanisms and interactions responsible in organ cross-talk in cardiorenal syndrome.
Fig. (3)
Fig. (3)
Pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 and 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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