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. 2016 May;10(3):161-9.
doi: 10.1111/irv.12360. Epub 2016 Jan 29.

Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in Southern Arizona, 2010-2014

Zimy Wansaula  1 , Sonja J Olsen  2 , Mariana G Casal  1 , Catherine Golenko  3 , Laura M Erhart  3 , Peter Kammerer  4 , Natalie Whitfield  5 , Orion Z McCotter  1   6
Affiliations

Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in Southern Arizona, 2010-2014

Zimy Wansaula et al. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 May.

Abstract

Background: The Binational Border Infectious Disease Surveillance program began surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) on the US-Mexico border in 2009. Here, we describe patients in Southern Arizona.

Methods: Patients admitted to five acute care hospitals that met the SARI case definition (temperature ≥37·8°C or reported fever or chills with history of cough, sore throat, or shortness of breath in a hospitalized person) were enrolled. Staff completed a standard form and collected a nasopharyngeal swab which was tested for selected respiratory viruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results: From October 2010-September 2014, we enrolled 332 SARI patients. Fifty-two percent were male and 48% were white non-Hispanic. The median age was 63 years (47% ≥65 years and 5·2% <5 years). During hospitalization, 51 of 230 (22%) patients required intubation, 120 of 297 (40%) were admitted to intensive care unit, and 28 of 278 (10%) died. Influenza vaccination was 56%. Of 309 cases tested, 49 (16%) were positive for influenza viruses, 25 (8·1%) for human metapneumovirus, 20 (6·5%) for parainfluenza viruses, 16 (5·2%) for coronavirus, 11 (3·6%) for respiratory syncytial virus, 10 (3·2%) for rhinovirus, 4 (1·3%) for rhinovirus/enterovirus, 3 (1·0%) for enteroviruses, and 3 (1·0%) for adenovirus. Among the 49 influenza-positive specimens, 76% were influenza A (19 H3N2, 17 H1N1pdm09, and 1 not subtyped), and 24% were influenza B.

Conclusion: Influenza viruses were a frequent cause of SARI in hospitalized patients in Southern Arizona. Monitoring respiratory illness in border populations will help better understand the etiologies. Improving influenza vaccination coverage may help prevent some SARI cases.

Keywords: Arizona; influenza; respiratory tract diseases; surveillance.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number and percent of patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infections that were positive for influenza viruses by type/subtype and month, Arizona, 2010–2014.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of non‐influenza respiratory viruses in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection, Arizona, 2010–2014.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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