Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Jan;94(1):212-7.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0203. Epub 2015 Nov 23.

Burden of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Children After Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction, Cochabamba, Bolivia

Casey L McAtee  1 , Rachel Webman  2 , Robert H Gilman  2 , Carolina Mejia  2 , Caryn Bern  2 , Sonia Apaza  2 , Susan Espetia  2 , Mónica Pajuelo  2 , Mayuko Saito  2 , Roxanna Challappa  2 , Richard Soria  2 , Jose P Ribera  2 , Daniel Lozano  2 , Faustino Torrico  2
Affiliations

Burden of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Children After Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction, Cochabamba, Bolivia

Casey L McAtee et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

The effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in the field may set the stage for a changing landscape of diarrheal illness affecting children worldwide. Norovirus and rotavirus are the two major viral enteropathogens of childhood. This study describes the prevalence of norovirus and rotavirus 2 years after widespread rotavirus vaccination in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Stool samples from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and outpatients aged 5-24 months without AGE were recruited from an urban hospital serving Bolivia's third largest city. Both viruses were genotyped, and norovirus GII.4 was further sequenced. Norovirus was found much more frequently than rotavirus. Norovirus was detected in 69/201 (34.3%) of specimens from children with AGE and 13/71 (18.3%) of those without diarrhea. Rotavirus was detected in 38/201 (18.9%) of diarrheal specimens and 3/71 (4.2%) of non-diarrheal specimens. Norovirus GII was identified in 97.8% of norovirus-positive samples; GII.4 was the most common genotype (71.4% of typed specimens). Rotavirus G3P[8] was the most prevalent rotavirus genotype (44.0% of typed specimens) and G2P[4] was second most prevalent (16.0% of typed specimens). This community is likely part of a trend toward norovirus predominance over rotavirus in children after widespread vaccination against rotavirus.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Patel MM, Widdowson MA, Glass RI, Akazawa K, Vinje J, Parashar UD. Systematic literature review of role of noroviruses in sporadic gastroenteritis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1224–1231. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD. 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12:136–141. - PubMed
    1. Mandile MG, Esteban LE, Argüelles MH, Mistchenko A, Glikmann G, Castello AA. Surveillance of group A Rotavirus in Buenos Aires 2008–2011, long lasting circulation of G2P[4] strains possibly linked to massive monovalent vaccination in the region. J Clin Virol. 2014;60:282–289. - PubMed
    1. Saito M, Goel-Apaza S, Espetia S, Velasquez D, Cabrera L, Loli S, Crabtree JE, Black RE, Kosek M, Checkley W, Zimic M, Bern C, Cama V, Gilman RH, Norovirus Working Group in Peru Multiple norovirus infections in a birth cohort in a Peruvian periurban community. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:483–491. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rivera R, Forney K, Castro MR, Rebolledo PA, Mamani N, Patzi M, Halkyer P, Leon JS, Iniguez V. Rotavirus genotype distribution during the pre-vaccine period in Bolivia: 2007–2008. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17:e762–e767. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms