Comparative efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist monotherapies in COPD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Randomized, controlled trials comparing long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) efficacy in COPD are limited. This network meta-analysis (NMA) assessed the relative efficacy of tiotropium 18 µg once-daily (OD) and newer agents (aclidinium 400 µg twice-daily, glycopyrronium 50 µg OD, and umeclidinium 62.5 µg OD).

Methods: A systematic literature review identified randomized, controlled trials of adult COPD patients receiving LAMAs. A NMA within a Bayesian framework examined change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), transitional dyspnea index focal score, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score, and rescue medication use.

Results: Twenty-four studies (n=21,311) compared LAMAs with placebo/each other. Aclidinium, glycopyrronium, tiotropium, and umeclidinium, respectively, demonstrated favorable results versus placebo, for change from baseline (95% credible interval) in 12-week trough FEV1 (primary endpoint: 101.40 mL [77.06-125.60]; 117.20 mL [104.50-129.90]; 114.10 mL [103.10-125.20]; 136.70 mL [104.20-169.20]); 24-week trough FEV1 (128.10 mL [84.10-172.00]; 135.80 mL [123.10-148.30]; 106.40 mL [95.45-117.30]; 115.00 mL [74.51-155.30]); 24-week St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score (-4.60 [-6.76 to -2.54]; -3.14 [-3.83 to -2.45]; -2.43 [-2.92 to -1.93]; -4.69 [-7.05 to -2.31]); 24-week transitional dyspnea index score (1.00 [0.41-1.59]; 1.01 [0.79-1.22]; 0.82 [0.62-1.02]; 1.00 [0.49-1.51]); and 24-week rescue medication use (data not available; -0.41 puffs/day [-0.62 to -0.20]; -0.52 puffs/day [-0.74 to -0.30]; -0.30 puffs/day [-0.81 to 0.21]). For 12-week trough FEV1, differences in change from baseline (95% credible interval) were -12.8 mL (-39.39 to 13.93), aclidinium versus tiotropium; 3.08 mL (-7.58 to 13.69), glycopyrronium versus tiotropium; 22.58 mL (-11.58 to 56.97), umeclidinium versus tiotropium; 15.90 mL (-11.60 to 43.15), glycopyrronium versus aclidinium; 35.40 mL (-5.06 to 76.07), umeclidinium versus aclidinium; and 19.50 mL (-15.30 to 54.38), umeclidinium versus glycopyrronium. Limitations included inhaler-related factors and safety; longer-term outcomes were not considered.

Conclusion: The new LAMAs studied had at least comparable efficacy to tiotropium, the established class standard. Choice should depend on physician's and patient's preference.

Keywords: anticholinergics; bronchodilator; meta-analysis; muscarinic antagonist; systematic review.

Figure 1

Flow chart of study selection process. Abbreviations: CDSR, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review; CENTRAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CSR, clinical study report; DARE, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; EU-CTR, EU Clinical Trials Register; HTA, Health Technology Assessment; NMA, network meta-analysis; PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; SLR, systematic literature review; WHO ICTRP, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Figure 2

Overall network of studies in the network meta-analysis of umeclidinium versus other LAMAs or placebo for (A) trough FEV₁ at 12 weeks, (B) trough FEV₁ at 24 weeks, (C) SGRQ total score at 24 weeks, (D) TDI focal score at 24 weeks, and (E) rescue medication use at 24 weeks. Note: Gray italic text indicates studies that did not report measures of uncertainty. Abbreviations: BD, twice-daily; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; OD, once-daily; PBO, placebo; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TDI, transitional dyspnea index.

Figure 3

Differences in intervention versus the comparator for change from baseline in (A) trough FEV₁ (mL) at 12 weeks, (B) trough FEV₁ (mL) at 24 weeks, (C) SGRQ total scores at 24 weeks, (D) TDI focal scores at 24 weeks, and (E) rescue medication use at 24 weeks (95% CrI and probability of the intervention being better than the comparator). Abbreviations: CrI, credible interval; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TDI, transitional dyspnea index.