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. 2015 Nov 9:9:87-93.
doi: 10.4137/CMO.S30891. eCollection 2015.

Cachexia Index in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Syed Hasan Raza Jafri  1 , Carlos Previgliano  2 , Keerti Khandelwal  2 , Runhua Shi  2
Affiliations

Cachexia Index in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Syed Hasan Raza Jafri et al. Clin Med Insights Oncol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer cachexia affects many advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Cachexia index (CXI) was developed to assess the degree of cachexia in these patients.

Methods: Patients with metastatic NSCLC diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2011, at our institution were retrospectively studied. Abdominal computed tomography scans done within 1 month of diagnosis were reviewed to estimate skeletal muscle area (SMA) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the L3 level. CXI was developed as follows: [Formula: see text] where SMI is the skeletal muscle index, Alb is the serum albumin, and NLR is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival among various factors was calculated using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression was used to perform survival analysis in order to estimate the effects of various factors.

Results: Patients were divided into two groups around the median into stage I cachexia (CXI ≥35, n = 56) and stage II cachexia (CXI <35, n = 56). Groups did not differ in age, gender, ethnicity, or histology of cancer. Patients with stage II cachexia had significantly worse PFS (2.45 vs 5.43 months, P < 0.0001) and OS (3.45 vs 8.8 months, P = 0.0001) than those with stage I cachexia. On multivariate analysis adjusting for gender, race, and histology, patients with stage II cachexia were found to have worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-2.95) and OS (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.0009-2.34).

Conclusion: The CXI is a novel index for estimating cachexia that also correlates with prognosis in both men and women with advanced NSCLC.

Keywords: cancer cachexia; lung cancer; sarcopenia; systemic inflammation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan–Meier curve for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage I cachexia (CXI ≥35) and stage II cachexia (CXI <35).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier curve for progression-free survival and overall survival with stage I cachexia (CXI ≥35) and stage II cachexia (CXI <35) based on gender. Abbreviations: M, male; F, female.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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