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Review
. 2016 Feb:83:197-209.
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.011. Epub 2015 Nov 19.

Tissue engineering strategies for promoting vascularized bone regeneration

Sarah Almubarak  1 , Hubert Nethercott  1 , Marie Freeberg  1 , Caroline Beaudon  1 , Amit Jha  2 , Wesley Jackson  2 , Ralph Marcucio  3 , Theodore Miclau  3 , Kevin Healy  2 , Chelsea Bahney  4
Affiliations
Review

Tissue engineering strategies for promoting vascularized bone regeneration

Sarah Almubarak et al. Bone. 2016 Feb.

Abstract

This review focuses on current tissue engineering strategies for promoting vascularized bone regeneration. We review the role of angiogenic growth factors in promoting vascularized bone regeneration and discuss the different therapeutic strategies for controlled/sustained growth factor delivery. Next, we address the therapeutic uses of stem cells in vascularized bone regeneration. Specifically, this review addresses the concept of co-culture using osteogenic and vasculogenic stem cells, and how adipose derived stem cells compare to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in the promotion of angiogenesis. We conclude this review with a discussion of a novel approach to bone regeneration through a cartilage intermediate, and discuss why it has the potential to be more effective than traditional bone grafting methods.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Bone regeneration; Controlled release; Endochondral ossification; Osteogenesis; Stem cells.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Summary of biomaterial based strategies to deliver growth factors
Techniques to control release growth factors. Thus, when there are several growth factors in the polymer, it is possible to engineer unique temporal release kinetics.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Therapeutic Approaches for Bone Regeneration
(A) Classic techniques in bone regeneration attempt to stimulate intramembranous ossification, with limited success at producing a vascularized bone regenerate. (B) Transformation of chondrocytes into bone may represent a better therapeutic strategy for promoting vascularized bone regeneration as a result of the strong angiogenic action of the hypertrophic chondrocyte during endochondral ossification.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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