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. 2016 Jan;32(1):102-13.
doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.10.013. Epub 2015 Nov 27.

Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a co-initiator for dental adhesive: Photo-polymerization kinetics and dynamic mechanical property

Linyong Song  1 , Qiang Ye  2 , Xueping Ge  1 , Anil Misra  3 , Paulette Spencer  4
Affiliations

Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a co-initiator for dental adhesive: Photo-polymerization kinetics and dynamic mechanical property

Linyong Song et al. Dent Mater. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polymerization behavior of a model dentin adhesive with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS) as a co-initiator, and to investigate the polymerization kinetics and mechanical properties of copolymers in dry and wet conditions.

Methods: A co-monomer mixture based on HEMA/BisGMA (45/55, w/w) was used as a model dentin adhesive. The photoinitiator system included camphorquinone (CQ) as the photosensitizer and the co-initiator was ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB) or TTMSS. Iodonium salt, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) serving as a catalyst, was selectively added into the adhesive formulations. The control and the experimental formulations were characterized with regard to the degree of conversion (DC) and dynamic mechanical properties under dry and wet conditions.

Results: In two-component photoinitiator system (CQ/TTMSS), with an increase of TTMSS concentration, the polymerization rate and DC of CC double bond increased, and showed a dependence on the irradiation time and curing light intensity. The copolymers that contained the three-component photoinitiator system (CQ/TTMSS/DPIHP) showed similar dynamic mechanical properties, under both dry and wet conditions, to the EDMAB-containing system.

Significance: The DC of formulations using TTMSS as co-initiator showed a strong dependence on irradiation time. With the addition of TTMSS, the maximum polymerization rate can be adjusted and the network structure became more homogenous. The results indicated that the TTMSS could be used as a substitute for amine-type co-initiator in visible-light induced free radical polymerization of methacrylate-based dentin adhesives.

Keywords: Co-initiator; Dental adhesive; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Fourier transform infrared; Polymerization kinetic; Silane.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Polymerization profiles of HEMA/BisGMA (45 wt%/55 wt%) under visible-light irradiation (I0 = 550 mW/cm2) in the presence of two-component PI (CQ/EDMAB or CQ/TTMSS): conversion vs. time curves with 40 s (A) and 120 s (B) irradiation, conversion (C) and maximum polymerization rate (D) vs. co-initiator concentration. ‘*’, ‘#’ significantly (p < 0.05) different from the control (CE-0.5, CQ/EDMAB = 0.5/0.5 wt%). The value in the () is the standard deviation.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Polymerization profiles of HEMA/BisGMA (45 wt%/55 wt%) under visible light (I0 = 550 mW/cm2) in the presence of binary co-initiators (EDMAB and TTMSS).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Photopolymerization profiles of HEMA/BisGMA (45 wt%/55 wt%) under visible light (I0 = 550 mW/cm2) in the presence of three-component PI. (CQ 0.5 wt%, DPIHP 0.5 wt%, and EDMAB or TTMSS).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Conversion vs. dose (irradiation intensity × 40 s) for HEMA/BisGMA (45/55, w/w) resin at irradiation intensities of (A) 50, (B) 300, and (C) 550 mW/cm2.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The Storage modulus (A) and tan δ (B) versus temperature curves for the control and experimental adhesives with three-component PI in dry condition. (CED: EDMAB 0.5 wt%, CTD-0.5: TTMSS 0.5 wt%, CTD-1.0: TTMSS 1.0 wt%, and CTD-3.0: TTMSS 3.0 wt%. Other components in the formulation were HEMA/BisGMA = 45/55, CQ 0.5 wt%, DPIHP 0.5 wt%).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
The illustration for the generation of free radicals in two-component and three-component PI systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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