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Review
. 2015;1(3):132-140.
doi: 10.1007/s40610-015-0022-2. Epub 2015 Aug 15.

Bone Tissue Engineering

Cameron R M Black  1 , Vitali Goriainov  1 , David Gibbs  1 , Janos Kanczler  1 , Rahul S Tare  1 , Richard O C Oreffo  1
Affiliations
Review

Bone Tissue Engineering

Cameron R M Black et al. Curr Mol Biol Rep. 2015.

Abstract

Medical advances have led to a welcome increase in life expectancy. However, accompanying longevity introduces new challenges: increases in age-related diseases and associated reductions in quality of life. The loss of skeletal tissue that can accompany trauma, injury, disease or advancing years can result in significant morbidity and significant socio-economic cost and emphasise the need for new, more reliable skeletal regeneration strategies. To address the unmet need for bone augmentation, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have come to the fore in recent years with new approaches for de novo skeletal tissue formation. Typically, these approaches seek to harness stem cells, innovative scaffolds and biological factors that promise enhanced and more reliable bone formation strategies to improve the quality of life for many. This review provides an overview of recent developments in bone tissue engineering focusing on skeletal stem cells, vascular development, bone formation and the translation from preclinical in vivo models to clinical delivery.

Keywords: Biomaterial; Bone tissue regeneration; Osteogenesis; Osteoprogenitor; Skeletal stem cell; Translational research.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Skeletal tissue engineering in the clinic. Clinical skeletal repair requirements: (i) cartilage regeneration, (ii) bone void filling, (iii) stimulation of fracture healing or arthrodesis and (iv) reconstruction of segmental bone loss are represented in different quadrants. (i) In the top right quadrant are arthroscopic images of an osteochondral lesion (upper) and chondral lesion post microfracture (lower). (ii) In the lower right quadrant is a 3D reconstruction (upper) and radiograph (lower) of a patient with severe osteoarthritis and protrusio acetabuli. (iii) In the lower left quadrant show radiographs demonstrating fracture non-union and spinal arthrodesis. (iv) In the top left quadrant demonstrates a comminuted tibial fracture (upper) and segmental bone defect (lower). Current treatment strategies are detailed (in red) in corresponding triangles
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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