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. 2015 Dec 22;113(12):1712-9.
doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.411. Epub 2015 Dec 3.

Metabolic markers in blood can separate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia

Guro F Giskeødegård  1   2 , Ailin Falkmo Hansen  1 , Helena Bertilsson  3   4 , Susana Villa Gonzalez  5 , Kåre Andre Kristiansen  6 , Per Bruheim  6 , Svein A Mjøs  7 , Anders Angelsen  1   2 , Tone Frost Bathen  1 , May-Britt Tessem  1   2
Affiliations

Metabolic markers in blood can separate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia

Guro F Giskeødegård et al. Br J Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: An individualised risk-stratified screening for prostate cancer (PCa) would select the patients who will benefit from further investigations as well as therapy. Current detection methods suffer from low sensitivity and specificity, especially for separating PCa from benign prostatic conditions. We have investigated the use of metabolomics analyses of blood samples for separating PCa patients and controls with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: Blood plasma and serum samples from 29 PCa patient and 21 controls with BPH were analysed by metabolomics analysis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Differences in blood metabolic patterns were examined by multivariate and univariate statistics.

Results: By combining results from different methodological platforms, PCa patients and controls were separated with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.5% and 75.2%, respectively.

Conclusions: The combined analysis of serum and plasma samples by different metabolomics measurement techniques gave successful discrimination of PCa and controls, and provided metabolic markers and insight into the processes characteristic of PCa. Our results suggest changes in fatty acid (acylcarnitines), choline (glycerophospholipids) and amino acid metabolism (arginine) as markers for PCa compared with BPH.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Orthogonalised PLS discriminant analysis scores and loadings plot separating prostate cancer patients and controls based on serum and plasma metabolites from MRS and MS, respectively. The loadings are coloured according to the VIP scores. The metabolites are numbered accordingly: 1: decanoylcarnitine (C10); 2: tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14 : 1); 3: octanoylcarnitine (C8); 4: nonanoylcarnitine (C9); 5: arginine; 6: kynurenine; 7: lysophosphatidylcholine acyl (lysoPC a) C16 : 0; 8: lysoPC a C18 : 0; 9: lysoPC a C20 : 4; 10: phosphatidylcholine diacyl (PC aa) C34 : 4; 11: PC aa C38 : 5; 12: PC aa C40 : 4; 13: PC aa C40 : 5; 14: phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl (PC ae) C38 : 2; 15: valine; 16: 2-methylglutarate; 17: lipid2; 18: Gln+Glu; 19: glutamate; 20: pyruvate; 21: lysine; 22: dimethylsulfone; 23: histidine; 24: glucose; 25: tyrosine; and 26: phenylalanine.
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