Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Mar;26(3):165-176.
doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.014. Epub 2015 Dec 2.

Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation

Wan Seok Yang  1 , Brent R Stockwell  2
Affiliations
Review

Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation

Wan Seok Yang et al. Trends Cell Biol. 2016 Mar.

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death driven by loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and subsequent accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly lipid hydroperoxides. This form of iron-dependent cell death is genetically, biochemically, and morphologically distinct from other cell death modalities, including apoptosis, unregulated necrosis, and necroptosis. Ferroptosis is regulated by specific pathways and is involved in diverse biological contexts. Here we summarize the discovery of ferroptosis, the mechanism of ferroptosis regulation, and its increasingly appreciated relevance to both normal and pathological physiology.

Keywords: GPX4; ROS; cell death; ferroptosis; lipid peroxides; system x(c)(−).

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Key Figure. Molecular pathways of ferroptosis regulation. Small molecule inducers of ferroptosis are colored red, whereas small molecule inhibitors of ferroptosis are colored blue. TS pathway = transsulfuration pathway; Se = Selenocysteine; DFO = deferoxamine; CPX = ciclopirox olamine; CoQ10 = Coenzyme Q10.
Figure I
Figure I
Cell death pathways in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Linkermann A, et al. Regulated cell death and inflammation: an auto-amplification loop causes organ failure. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:759–767. - PubMed
    1. Galluzzi L, et al. Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Differ. 2015;22:58–73. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature. 2015;517:311–320. - PubMed
    1. Lane N. Oxygen : the molecule that made the world. Oxford University Press; 2002.
    1. Boenigk J, et al. Biodiversity and Earth History. Springer-Verlag; 2015.

Publication types