Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 Dec 14;10(12):e0144461.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144461. eCollection 2015.

Elevated Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Bronchi Infected with Periodontopathogenic Bacteria

Luca Bernasconi  1 , Liza L Ramenzoni  2 , Ahmed Al-Majid  2 , Gabrielo M Tini  3 , Sereina M Graber  4 , Patrick R Schmidlin  2 , Sarosh Irani  3
Affiliations

Elevated Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Bronchi Infected with Periodontopathogenic Bacteria

Luca Bernasconi et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objectives: To determine whether bronchial colonisations/infections with periodontopathogenic bacteria are associated with elevated inflammatory markers such as MMPs, interleukins and Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the bronchial fluid.

Methods: Periodontal status was assessed in consecutive outpatients planned for elective bronchoscopies, and PCR for periodontopathogenic bacteria was performed from a protected specimen brush sample taken from the bronchial mucosa. Additionally, MMPs, interleukins and Tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured in the bronchial fluid.

Results: Out of the four species assessed, one species was found in 13 of 91 (14%) patients, and two in 12 (13%), three in 13 (14%) and all four in 1 (1%) patient, respectively. In multiple linear regression models the presence of Treponema denticola showed a consistent pattern of positive effects in bronchial fluid (Bonferroni adjusted p-values) on the levels of MMP9 (p adj.: 0.028) and MMP12 (p adj.: 0.029). Active smoking was independently associated with increased levels of aMMP8 (p adj.: 0.005) and MMP9 (p adj.: 0.009). Levels of IL-1 ß, IL-8 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha measured in the bronchial fluid were not affected by the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria.

Conclusions: Bronchial colonisation/infection with Treponema denticola and smoking are independently associated with elevated MMPs (MMP9/MMP12 and MMP8/MMP9, respectively) in the bronchial fluid.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Enrolment of study participants.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Levels of matrix metalloproteinases in the bronchial fluid of patients, with and without bronchial colonisation with Treponema denticola (Td), shown separately for active smokers (dark grey) and non-smokers (transparent).
The y-axes are either ln- or box-cox-transformed, corresponding to the transformations used in the multiple regression models. The dots indicate outliers.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Cytokine levels in the bronchial fluid of patients with and without bronchial colonisation with Treponema denticola (Td), shown separately for active smokers (dark grey) and non-smokers (transparent).
The y-axes are box-cox-transformed, corresponding to the transformations used in the multiple regression models. The dots indicate outliers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Page RC, Kornman KS. (1997) The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction. Periodontol 2000 14: 9–11. - PubMed
    1. Holt SC, Ebersole JL. (2005) Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia: the "red complex", a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 38: 72–122. - PubMed
    1. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Smith C, Kent RL Jr. (1998) Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol 25: 134–144. - PubMed
    1. Yakob M, Meurman JH, Sorsa T, Soder B. (2013) Treponema denticola associates with increased levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in gingival crevicular fluid. Oral Dis 19: 694–701. 10.1111/odi.12057 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kraft-Neumarker M, Lorenz K, Koch R, Hoffmann T, Mantyla P, et al. (2012) Full-mouth profile of active MMP-8 in periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 47: 121–128. 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01416.x - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources