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Review
. 2015 Sep;3(5-6):139-54.
doi: 10.1177/2051013615613272.

Plant-based vaccines for animals and humans: recent advances in technology and clinical trials

Natsumi Takeyama  1 , Hiroshi Kiyono  2 , Yoshikazu Yuki  3
Affiliations
Review

Plant-based vaccines for animals and humans: recent advances in technology and clinical trials

Natsumi Takeyama et al. Ther Adv Vaccines. 2015 Sep.

Abstract

It has been about 30 years since the first plant engineering technology was established. Although the concept of plant-based pharmaceuticals or vaccines motivates us to develop practicable commercial products using plant engineering, there are some difficulties in reaching the final goal: to manufacture an approved product. At present, the only plant-made vaccine approved by the United States Department of Agriculture is a Newcastle disease vaccine for poultry that is produced in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. The progress toward commercialization of plant-based vaccines takes much effort and time, but several candidate vaccines for use in humans and animals are in clinical trials. This review discusses plant engineering technologies and regulations relevant to the development of plant-based vaccines and provides an overview of human and animal vaccines currently under clinical trials.

Keywords: GMP-compliant; human vaccine; plant transformation; plant-based vaccine; veterinary vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Plant transgenic technologies and their advantages and disadvantages. VLP, virus-like particle.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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