Gossypol as a toxicant in livestock

Abstract

Many cases of gossypol toxicity have been misdiagnosed. The long-held belief that gossypol toxicity did not occur in ruminants has been a major hurdle to overcome. Field necropsies in which pulmonary congestion and edema were attributed to shipping-fever pneumonia, failure to examine the heart either grossly or microscopically, failure to believe that 200 ppm free gossypol could kill a calf, failure to believe that any age of sheep could suffer gossypol toxicity, and failure to believe that just because you fed the same thing last year, it will not cause a problem this year, all were factors in causing the misdiagnosis of this toxicity. Gossypol toxicity cases diagnosed will increase each year because of increased awareness among veterinarians. Continued research will help to increase our understanding of this multifactored toxin and, possibly, devise ways to detoxify it before it is utilized in a feed. Until then, it will have to be considered because it will continue to be present as a potential toxicant in the feed.