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. 2016 Jan;22(1):83-7.
doi: 10.3201/eid2201.150544.

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Discovery of a Recombinant Swine Enteric Coronavirus, Italy

M Beatrice Boniotti, Alice Papetti, Antonio Lavazza, Giovanni Alborali, Enrica Sozzi, Chiara Chiapponi, Silvia Faccini, Paolo Bonilauri, Paolo Cordioli, Douglas Marthaler

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Discovery of a Recombinant Swine Enteric Coronavirus, Italy

M Beatrice Boniotti et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been detected sporadically in Italy since the 1990s. We report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in Italy during 2007-2014 and identify a drastic shift in PEDV strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and PEDV.

Keywords: Italy; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; Porcine respiratory coronavirus; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; coronavirus; domestic pigs; genetic recombinations; phylogeny; recombinant coronavirus; swine; viruses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analyses of swine enteric coronaviruses in Italy. A) Analysis performed on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the complete spike (S1) gene of 4 representative strains from the 3 clusters and B) whole genome of 2 positive strains from clusters I and II. Cluster I represents strains circulating from 2007 through mid-2009; cluster II represents strains circulating from mid-2009 through 2012; and cluster III represents strains circulating since 2014. Bootstrap values >70% (1,000 replicates) are indicated. Reference sequences are identified by GenBank accession no. and strain name. The strains from this study are represented in blue; strains from China are green; strains from North America are red; and strains from Europe are purple. PEDV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PRCV, porcine respiratory coronavirus; TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus; SeCoV, swine enteric coronavirus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Potential recombination points in the SeCoV strains in study of swine enteric coronaviruses in Italy. The potential parent strains H16 (TGEV) and CV777 (PEDV) are shown in teal and purple, respectively. Arrows indicate recombinant breakpoints. PEDV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus; seCoV, swine enteric coronavirus.
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