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Review
. 2016 Feb;16(1):45-50.
doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000231.

Neutrophil recruitment by allergens contribute to allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation

Koa Hosoki  1 , Toshiko Itazawa, Istvan Boldogh, Sanjiv Sur
Affiliations
Review

Neutrophil recruitment by allergens contribute to allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation

Koa Hosoki et al. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose of review: To discuss the presence and role of neutrophils in asthma and allergic diseases, and outline the importance of pollen and cat dander-induced innate neutrophil recruitment in induction of allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation.

Recent findings: Uncontrolled asthma is associated with elevated numbers of neutrophils, and levels of neutrophil-attracting chemokine IL-8 and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. These parameters negatively correlate with lung function. Pollen allergens and cat dander recruit neutrophils to the airways in a toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation protein-2, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR) 2-dependent manner. Repeated recruitment of activated neutrophils by these allergens facilitates allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment with CXCR2 inhibitor, disruption of toll-like receptor 4, or small interfering RNA against myeloid differentiation protein-2 also inhibits allergic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which innately recruited neutrophils contribute to shifting the airway inflammatory response induced by allergens from neutrophilic to an eosinophilic-allergic is an area of active research.

Summary: Recent studies have revealed that neutrophil recruitment is important in the development of allergic sensitization and inflammation. Inhibition of neutrophils recruitment may be a strategy to control allergic inflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest

There are no specific conflicts of interest regarding the content of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing allergen-induced innate neutrophil recruitment is critical for induction of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation
Recognition of pollens and cat dander by MD2 in the context of TLR4 activates NF-κB mediated secretion of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 from the airway epithelium. These chemokines recruit ROS-generating neutrophils to the epithelium via CXCR2. The neutrophil-activated airway epithelium secretes TSLP and IL-33 upon subsequent contact with the same allergens, thereby facilitating allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation. ROS; Reactive oxygen species
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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