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Review
. 2015 Dec 19;20(12):22833-47.
doi: 10.3390/molecules201219884.

Properties and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Halloysite Nanotubes and Their Nanocomposites

Tayser Sumer Gaaz  1   2 , Abu Bakar Sulong  3 , Majid Niaz Akhtar  4   5 , Abdul Amir H Kadhum  6 , Abu Bakar Mohamad  7   8 , Ahmed A Al-Amiery  9
Affiliations
Review

Properties and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Halloysite Nanotubes and Their Nanocomposites

Tayser Sumer Gaaz et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The aim of this review was to analyze/investigate the synthesis, properties, and applications of polyvinyl alcohol-halloysite nanotubes (PVA-HNT), and their nanocomposites. Different polymers with versatile properties are attractive because of their introduction and potential uses in many fields. Synthetic polymers, such as PVA, natural polymers like alginate, starch, chitosan, or any material with these components have prominent status as important and degradable materials with biocompatibility properties. These materials have been developed in the 1980s and are remarkable because of their recyclability and consideration of the natural continuation of their physical and chemical properties. The fabrication of PVA-HNT nanocomposites can be a potential way to address some of PVA's limitations. Such nanocomposites have excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. PVA-HNT nanocomposites have been reported earlier, but without proper HNT individualization and PVA modifications. The properties of PVA-HNT for medicinal and biomedical use are attracting an increasing amount of attention for medical applications, such as wound dressings, drug delivery, targeted-tissue transportation systems, and soft biomaterial implants. The demand for alternative polymeric medical devices has also increased substantially around the world. This paper reviews individualized HNT addition along with crosslinking of PVA for various biomedical applications that have been previously reported in literature, thereby showing the attainability, modification of characteristics, and goals underlying the blending process with PVA.

Keywords: biocompatibility; biomedical application; halloysite nanotubes; polyvinyl alcohol; properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structural formula for PVA: (a) partially hydrolyzed; (b) fully hydrolyzed [2].
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) The structure of vinyl alcohol; (b) PVA is synthesized by the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate [26].
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM micrograph of HNTs [44].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Crystalline structure of HNTs [46].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The particle size and distribution of HNTs in mixture of PVA-HNTs [3].
Figure 6
Figure 6
TEM photos of PVA-HNT nanocomposite films (2 wt % HNTs) prepared by: (a) coagulation (b) casting [3].
Figure 7
Figure 7
TEM images of HNTs: (a) untreated and (b) after acid treatment [7].
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM images of fractured surfaces of PVA-HNT films after different H2SO4 treatment times (8 wt % HNT loading); (a) untreated; (b) H2SO4 treatment for 1 h and (c) H2SO4 treatment for 8 h [66].
Figure 9
Figure 9
DSC cooling thermograms of neat PVA and PVA-HNT composite films with different HNT contents: (a) 0 wt % (neat PVA); (b) 2 wt %; (c) 10 wt %; (d) 40 wt %; (e) 53 wt % [3].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Tg curves of PVA-HNT composites with different HNT contents [3].
Figure 11
Figure 11
TGA curves of PVA, HNTs and PVA-HNT composites [3].
Figure 12
Figure 12
Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PVA-HNT films with different amounts of HNTs [66].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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