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. 2016 Jan 30:235:7-12.
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.013. Epub 2015 Dec 11.

Deficient inhibitory control as an outcome of childhood trauma

David F Marshall  1 , Alessandra M Passarotti  2 , Kelly A Ryan  3 , Masoud Kamali  3 , Erika F H Saunders  4 , Bethany Pester  3 , Melvin G McInnis  3 , Scott A Langenecker  5
Affiliations

Deficient inhibitory control as an outcome of childhood trauma

David F Marshall et al. Psychiatry Res. .

Abstract

Childhood trauma has been linked to the development and severity of psychiatric disorders as well as deficits in cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate the performance of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC), with or without a history of childhood trauma, on a parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) task measuring important aspects of executive functions, namely attention and inhibitory control. Two hundred and thirty-three individuals with BD and 90 HC completed diagnostic interview, childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), symptom severity scales, and a PGNG task. Four comparison groups were created using a 1.0 standard deviation cut-off of the mean of the HC total CTQ score: BD-trauma, BD-normative, HC-trauma and HC-normative. We assessed interactions between diagnosis and trauma on Go/No-Go levels of interest by using a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed a significant main effect of trauma on inhibitory control accuracy, as the trauma group exhibited significantly poorer accuracy on inhibition trials compared to the normative group. There was also a main effect of diagnosis on response time. These findings suggest that early trauma might adversely impact the development of cognitive systems and brain circuits that support inhibitory aspects of executive functioning in individuals with a history of trauma.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder; Cognitive functioning; Executive functioning; Stress.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Mean CTQ total score for bipolar disorder and healthy control participants.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mean attention accuracy for go/no go levels 1–3 in bipolar disorder and healthy control participants with and without a history of childhood trauma.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Mean inhibitory control accuracy on trials in bipolar disorder and healthy control participants with and without a history of childhood trauma. * Significant difference (p<.05), HC Trauma and BD Trauma < HC Normative.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Mean response time (RT) in bipolar disorder and healthy control participants with and without a history of childhood trauma. Higher scores reflect slower time. * Significant difference (p<.05), BD Normative and BD Trauma < HC Normative and HC Trauma.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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