Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Mar;37(3):2817-21.
doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-4743-x. Epub 2016 Jan 4.

Immunotherapy of biliary tract cancer

Yi Chai  1
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Immunotherapy of biliary tract cancer

Yi Chai. Tumour Biol. 2016 Mar.
Free article

Abstract

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), which encompass intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas as well as gallbladder carcinomas, are one of the most aggressive malignancies. Although the development of systemic chemotherapy approaches has made progress, the prognosis of BTC remains poor. Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of BTC, highlighting the immune etiology of this disease. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising new modality of treatment for BTC. Here, we summarize the relevant tumor immunology of BTC and recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of immunotherapy for BTC.

Keywords: Biliary tract cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma; Immunotherapy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81 - PubMed
    1. Liver. 1988 Jun;8(3):157-66 - PubMed
    1. J Surg Oncol. 2014 Oct;110(5):585-91 - PubMed
    1. Hepatology. 2012 Jan;55(1):86-97 - PubMed
    1. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012 Mar;19(2):171-8 - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources