Problems and preferences in pediatric imaging

Abstract

Radiological imaging is extremely valuable as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population, but it comes with a number of distinct challenges as compared to the imaging of adults. This is because of the following: It requires dedicated imaging protocols to acquire the images, there is need for sedation or general anesthesia for longer procedures such as MRI, specific training is required for the healthcare personnel involved, thorough knowledge and expertise should be applied for evaluating the images, and most importantly, it requires consideration for radiation exposure if ionizing radiation is being used. One of the challenges for clinical care personnel is to gain the child's trust and co-operation before and throughout the duration of an examination, which can prove to be difficult in children who may be ill and have pain. This is important to acquire quality images and prevent repeat examinations. Even with a quality examination, the accurate interpretation of images requires a thorough knowledge of the intricate and dynamic face of anatomy and specific pathological presentations in children. The increased radiation sensitivity of growing organs and children's longer expected life spans make them more susceptible to the harmful effects of radiation. Imaging pediatric patients in a dedicated pediatric imaging department with dedicated pediatric CT technologists may result in greater compliance with pediatric protocols and significantly reduced patient dose. In order to prevent the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle should be strictly followed. This article seeks to draw attention to various challenges of pediatric imaging and the ways to overcome them.

Keywords: Pediatric imaging; radiation protection; technical peculiarities.

Figure 1

The investigation room and the gantry are colorful. This makes the environment friendly for the children and helps in receiving their cooperation

Figure 2

The head immobilizers should be used for children to avoid motion artifacts and repeat scan

Figure 3

The graph depicts the percentage mortality excess due to radiation exposure with respect to the age at which the person is exposed. The younger the patient, higher is the percentage mortality excess. Also, it is higher for females as compared to males for the respective age groups

Figure 4

The gel warmers should be used in cold environment to avoid unpleasant sensation