Early Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Limits HIV-1 Persistence in Children
- PMID: 26768239
- DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-091114-111159
Early Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Limits HIV-1 Persistence in Children
Abstract
Globally, 240,000 infants are newly infected with HIV-1 each year and 3.2 million children are living with the infection. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced HIV-1-related disease and mortality in children but is not curative owing to the early generation of a latent reservoir of long-lived memory CD4(+) T cells bearing replication-competent HIV-1 provirus integrated into cellular DNA. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the establishment of HIV-1 persistence in children and how early initiation of cART in the setting of the developing infant immune system limits the formation of the long-lived latent CD4(+) cell reservoir that remains a barrier to remission or cure.
Keywords: HIV-1 remission; latent reservoirs; pediatric HIV-1.
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