Recognizing Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the setting of left heart disease (LHD) or heart failure (HF) is the most common form of PH, yet its prevalence is underappreciated. Varying terminology possibly leads to misconceptions in pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. The accurate diagnosis of PH due to LHD is contingent upon hemodynamic assessment via right heart catheterization, however due to limitations in access, comprehensive echocardiography and integrative scoring systems are frequently used. When present in the setting of PH due to LHD, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) confers a poor clinical prognosis. The management of RVD is directed towards treating underlying HF and/or valvular disease. Implantable hemodynamic monitors may offer opportunity to obtain longitudinal information to increase diagnostic accuracy as well as monitor the effect of treatment of PH in the setting of HF with and without the presence of RVD.

Keywords: Heart failure; Pulmonary hypertension; Right ventricular dysfunction.