Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2015:2015:680308.
doi: 10.1155/2015/680308. Epub 2015 Dec 9.

Cognitive Impairment after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Clinical Course and Impact on Outcome: A Swedish-Icelandic Study

Maud Stenberg  1 , Alison K Godbolt  2 , Catharina Nygren De Boussard  2 , Richard Levi  1 , Britt-Marie Stålnacke  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

Cognitive Impairment after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Clinical Course and Impact on Outcome: A Swedish-Icelandic Study

Maud Stenberg et al. Behav Neurol. 2015.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the clinical course of cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with severe TBI (sTBI) from 3 weeks to 1 year after trauma and to study associations with outcomes at 1 year.

Methods: Prospective, multicenter, observational study of sTBI in Sweden and Iceland. Patients aged 18-65 years with acute Glasgow Coma Scale 3-8 were assessed with the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Outcome measures were Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Scale-Revised (RLAS-R).

Results: Cognition was assessed with the BNIS assessed for 42 patients out of 100 at 3 weeks, 75 patients at 3 months, and 78 patients at 1 year. Cognition improved over time, especially from 3 weeks to 3 months. The BNIS subscales "orientation" and "visuospatial and visual problem solving" were associated with the GOSE and RLAS-R at 1 year.

Conclusion: Cognition seemed to improve over time after sTBI and appeared to be rather stable from 3 months to 1 year. Since cognitive function was associated with outcomes, these results indicate that early screening of cognitive function could be of importance for rehabilitation planning in a clinical setting.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of patients through the study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Styrke J., Stålnacke B.-M., Sojka P., Björnstig U. Traumatic brain injuries in a well-defined population: epidemiological aspects and severity. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2007;24(9):1425–1436. doi: 10.1089/neu.2007.0266. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kleiven S., Peloso P. M., von Holst H. The epidemiology of head injuries in Sweden from 1987 to 2000. Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2003;10(3):173–180. - PubMed
    1. Teasdale G., Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. The Lancet. 1974;304(7872):81–84. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91639-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dahm J., Ponsford J. Comparison of long-term outcomes following traumatic injury: what is the unique experience for those with brain injury compared with orthopaedic injury? Injury. 2015;46(1):142–149. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.07.012. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bornhofen C., McDonald S. Emotion perception deficits following traumatic brain injury: a review of the evidence and rationale for intervention. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2008;14(4):511–525. doi: 10.1017/s1355617708080703. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources