The effects of thermal softening of double-lumen endobronchial tubes on postoperative sore throat, hoarseness and vocal cord injuries: a prospective double-blind randomized trial

Abstract

Background: It is well known that thermal softening of polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes reduces nasal damage during nasotracheal intubation. We hypothesized that thermal softening of double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) may be effective for reducing airway injury. This randomized double-blind study was performed to investigate whether thermal softening of DLTs decreased postoperative sore throat, hoarseness or vocal cord injuries.

Methods: Patients (n=140) undergoing one lung anaesthesia were randomized into two groups (n=70 each) depending on whether the DLT was softened by warming or not before tracheal intubation. The DLTs were placed in warm saline [40(1)°C] in the thermal softening group or in room temperature saline in the control group for 10 min. The vocal cords were examined by using flexible laryngoscopy immediately after extubation. Sore throat and hoarseness were evaluated for three postoperative days. The primary outcomes were the incidence of sore throat, hoarseness, and vocal cord injuries.

Results: Sore throat and vocal cord injuries occurred less frequently in the thermal softening group than in the control group [14/70 vs 27/70, risk ratio (95% CI): 0.52 (0.30-0.90), P=0.025 for sore throat; 15/70 vs 27/70, risk ratio (95% CI): 0.56 (0.32-0.95), P=0.042 for vocal cord injuries]. However, the incidence of hoarseness was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion: Tracheal intubation with DLTs softened by warming decreased the postoperative incidence of sore throat and vocal cord injuries. Therefore, thermal softening of DLTs before intubation seems to be helpful in reducing airway injuries associated with DLT intubation.

Clinical trial registration: NCT 01626365.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01626365.

Keywords: airway management; anesthesia, general; bronchi; intubation, intratracheal; one-lung ventilation.