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Review
. 2016:2016:3863726.
doi: 10.1155/2016/3863726. Epub 2015 Dec 14.

Modulation of Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Oxidative/Nitrative Stress in the Heart

Csaba Csonka  1 , Márta Sárközy  1 , Márton Pipicz  1 , László Dux  1 , Tamás Csont  1
Affiliations
Review

Modulation of Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Oxidative/Nitrative Stress in the Heart

Csaba Csonka et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016.

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a frequent metabolic disorder associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition to its well-known proatherogenic effect, hypercholesterolemia may exert direct effects on the myocardium resulting in contractile dysfunction, aggravated ischemia/reperfusion injury, and diminished stress adaptation. Both preclinical and clinical studies suggested that elevated oxidative and/or nitrative stress plays a key role in cardiac complications induced by hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, modulation of hypercholesterolemia-induced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress is a feasible approach to prevent or treat deleterious cardiac consequences. In this review, we discuss the effects of various pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, some novel potential pharmacological approaches, and physical exercise on hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative/nitrative stress and subsequent cardiac dysfunction as well as impaired ischemic stress adaptation of the heart in hypercholesterolemia.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hypercholesterolemia-induced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress and its possible modulations (in grey boxes) to prevent or treat deleterious cardiac consequences. Ac-CoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ONOO−: peroxynitrite; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; miRNA: microRNA.
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