Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution of Canine Coccidioidomycosis in California, 2005-2013

Abstract

Given the predisposition of dogs to coccidioidomycosis, identification of high-risk regions for coccidioidomycosis in dogs may improve early recognition of emerging human disease. We sought to identify risk factors for canine coccidioidomycosis and to produce a risk map for coccidioidomycosis occurrence. Forty-one dogs seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis, between 2005 and 2013 with coccidioidomycosis were identified together with a control population of 79 dogs. Owners were surveyed about potential risk factors including younger age, digging behaviour, and travel to Arizona or the California central valley. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Outcomes were used to generate a risk map for coccidioidomycosis in California. There was a significant correlation between the reported rate of coccidioidomycosis in humans and our risk map for canine coccidioidomycosis in California, supporting the idea of dogs as sentinels for emerging geographic areas for coccidioidomycosis in humans.

Keywords: Coccidioides; canine; coccidioidomycosis; epidemiology; valley fever; zoonosis.