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1 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
2 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Rochester School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
3 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: k-bilimoria@northwestern.edu.
4 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
5 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
6 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI.
7 Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
8 Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Knoxville, TN.
9 Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN.
10 Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
11 Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
12 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
13 Division of Hospital Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
14 Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
15 Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
1 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
2 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; University of Rochester School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
3 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Healthcare Studies in the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: k-bilimoria@northwestern.edu.
4 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
5 Department of Surgery, Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
6 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI.
7 Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
8 Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Knoxville, TN.
9 Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN.
10 Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
11 Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
12 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
13 Division of Hospital Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
14 Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
15 Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.