Predictors of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents of Vadodara city in Western India

Abstract

Background: Obesity among adolescents is escalating as a global epidemic which is associated with various lifestyle disorders in later life.

Objective: To assess the factors influencing overweight and obesity among school going adolescents of Vadodara city in Western India.

Methods: The study was carried out among 1050 school going adolescents from 15 schools selected by systematic random sampling after taking written informed consent from the participants. A predefined pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect dietary information and physical activity. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, triceps skin fold thickness, waist and hip circumferences was measured using standard techniques. Adolescents were classified as overweight (>+1SD) and obese (>+2SD) with respect to their age and sex by using WHO reference charts. Factors found to be statistically significant in bivariate analysis were considered in the multiple logistic regression model.

Results: Among 1050 school going adolescents, 7.8% were overweight and 2.7% were obese, making the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity as 10.5%. Among socio-demographic predictors: early and mid adolescence, male gender, English medium of instruction, positive family history of obesity were found to be the significantly associated with overweight/obesity among the study population. Whereas consumption of outside food, meal skipping habit, infrequent consumption of staple healthy food items were found to be significant diet related predictor variables for overweight/obesity. Among the physical activity predictors: sedentary activities, less outdoor games and sleep deprivation were also found to be significant predictors of overweight/obesity.

Conclusion: Adolescents should be motivated to take adequate amount of healthy staple food like dal-rice at home and to engage in outdoor sports related activity to prevent overweight and obesity.

Keywords: Western India; adolescents; obesity; overweight; predictors.