Is there increased cardiovascular risk in essential hypertensive patients with abnormal kinetics of red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransport?

Abstract

Na+ transport kinetics were studied in red blood cells (RBCs) from 50 essential hypertensive patients and 30 normotensive controls. Seven hypertensive patients were characterized by the following: (1) a maximal rate of Na+-Li+ countertransport higher than an upper normal limit of 525 mumol.litre cells-1.h-1; (2) an apparent dissociation constant for internal Na+ higher than an upper normal limit of 20.4 mmol.litre cells (in only five of the seven hypertensives); (3) no other kinetic abnormality in Na+,K+ pump, Na+,K+ cotransport or passive Na+ permeability. Clinically, hypertensives with abnormal countertransport were characterized by high serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the presence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Conversely, mean values of these two clinical parameters were normal in the remaining hypertensive patients, independently of the presence of other abnormalities in Na+,K+ pump, Na+,K+ cotransport or passive Na+ permeability. In conclusion, the presence of abnormal Na+-Li+ countertransport kinetics in erythrocytes may be associated with an enhanced cardiovascular risk in hypertension.