Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and renal function

Abstract

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are useful in the treatment of hypertension. However, acute renal deterioration may occur in some conditions where angiotensin plays a crucial role in the regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), such as volume depletion, severe stenosis of both renal arteries and stenosis of the renal artery of a single functioning kidney. Acute renal failure induced by ACE inhibition may develop without a reduction in systemic blood pressure it is enhanced by prior sodium depletion and is reversible when treatment is withdrawn. The relative superiority of ACE inhibitors in slowing the progression of chronic parenchymal renal disease remains to be demonstrated, although promising results have been reported in patients with diabetic nephropathy.