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. 2016 May;72(5):864-9.
doi: 10.1002/ps.4241. Epub 2016 Mar 4.

Resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicide in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas

Reiofeli A Salas  1 , Nilda R Burgos  1 , Patrick J Tranel  2 , Shilpa Singh  1 , Les Glasgow  3 , Robert C Scott  1 , Robert L Nichols  4
Affiliations

Resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicide in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas

Reiofeli A Salas et al. Pest Manag Sci. 2016 May.

Abstract

Background: The widespread occurrence of ALS inhibitor- and glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri has led to increasing use of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in cotton and soybean. Studies were conducted to confirm resistance to fomesafen (a PPO inhibitor), determine the resistance frequency, examine the resistance profile to other foliar-applied herbicides and investigate the resistance mechanism of resistant plants in a population collected in 2011 (AR11-LAW B) and its progenies from two cycles of fomesafen selection (C1 and C2).

Results: The frequency of fomesafen-resistant plants increased from 5% in the original AR11-LAW-B to 17% in the C2 population. The amounts of fomesafen that caused 50% growth reduction were 6-, 13- and 21-fold greater in AR11-LAW-B, C1 and C2 populations, respectively, than in the sensitive ecotype. The AR11-LAW-B population was sensitive to atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate and mesotrione but resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. Fomesafen survivors from C1 and C2 populations tested positive for the PPO glycine 210 deletion previously reported in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus).

Conclusion: These studies confirmed that Palmer amaranth in Arkansas has evolved resistance to foliar-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicide.

Keywords: ALS inhibitors; Amaranthus palmeri; diphenyl ether resistance; fomesafen; multiple resistance; resistance evolution.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Shoot biomass reduction (%) of PPO‐resistant and PPO‐susceptible Palmer amaranth population, 21 days after fomesafen treatment. Treatment means (n = 10) + 1 standard error are plotted with the regression curve. Data were best described with the non‐linear, sigmoidal, three‐parameter Gompertz regression function, y = a * exp{−exp[−b * (x − c)]}.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dose–response curves of PPO‐resistant and PPO‐susceptible Palmer amaranth population from Arkansas. Mortality (%) was recorded 21 days after herbicide treatment. Treatment means (n = 10) + 1 standard error are plotted with a regression curve. Data were best described with the non‐linear, sigmoidal, three‐parameter Gompertz regression function, y = a * exp{−exp[−b * (x − c)]}.
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References

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