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. 2016 Mar;13(3):2511-7.
doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4817. Epub 2016 Jan 28.

Intestinal ischemic preconditioning reduces liver ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Tong-Min Xue  1 , Li-De Tao  1 , Jie Zhang  1 , Pei-Jian Zhang  1 , Xia Liu  1 , Guo-Feng Chen  1 , Yi-Jia Zhu  1
Affiliations

Intestinal ischemic preconditioning reduces liver ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Tong-Min Xue et al. Mol Med Rep. 2016 Mar.

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether intestinal ischemic preconditioning (IP) reduces damage to the liver during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR). Sprague Dawley rats were used to model liver IR injury, and were divided into the sham operation group (SO), IR group and IP group. The results indicated that IR significantly increased Bax, caspase 3 and NF‑κBp65 expression levels, with reduced expression of Bcl‑2 compared with the IP group. Compared with the IR group, the levels of AST, ALT, MPO, MDA, TNF‑α and IL‑1 were significantly reduced in the IP group. Immunohistochemistry for Bcl‑2 and Bax indicated that Bcl‑2 expression in the IP group was significantly increased compared with the IR group. In addition, IP reduced Bax expression compared with the IR group. The average liver injury was worsened in the IR group and improved in the IP group, as indicated by the morphological evaluation of liver tissues. The present study suggested that IP may alleviates apoptosis, reduce the release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, ameloriate reductions in liver function and reduce liver tissue injury. To conclude, IP provided protection against hepatic IR injury.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Expression levels of (A) AST, (B) ALT, (C) MDA, (D) MPO, (E) TNF-α and (F) IL-1β. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5). *P<0.05 vs. the SO group, #P<0.05 vs. the SO group. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; MDA, malondialdehyde; MPO, myeloperoxidase; TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; SO, sham group; IP, ischemic preconditioning group; IR, ischemia reperfusion group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Protein expression of NF-κBp65, caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2 measured in the liver tissue of rats. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5). *P<0.05 vs. the SO group, #P<0.05 vs. the SO group. NF-κBp65, nuclear factor-κB protein 65; SO, sham group; IP, ischemic preconditioning group; IR, ischemia reperfusion group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bcl-2 expression in the liver tissue of rats (magnification, ×400). (A) Representative images of Bcl-2 expression in the liver tissue of rats. (B) IOD of Bcl-2 expression in the liver tissue of rats. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5). *P<0.05 vs. the SO group, #P<0.05 vs. the SO group. SO, sham group; IP, ischemic preconditioning group; IR, ischemia reperfusion group; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IOD, integrated optical density.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bax expression in the liver tissue of rats (magnification, ×400). (A) Representative images of Bax expression in the liver tissue of rats. (B) IOD of Bax expression in the liver tissue of rats. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5). *P<0.05 vs. the SO group, #P<0.05 vs. the SO group. SO, sham group; IP, ischemic preconditioning group; IR, ischemia reperfusion group; IHC, immunohistochemistry; IOD, integrated optical density.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hemetoxylin and eosin staining of the alterations in the liver tissue of rats. (A) Representative images of the morphological alterations in the liver tissue of rats (magnification, ×400). (B) Liver injury scores in rats. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5). *P<0.05 vs. the SO group, #P<0.05 vs. the SO group. SO, sham group; IP, ischemic preconditioning group; IR, ischemia reperfusion group.
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