Three-Dimensional Hysterosalpingo-Contrast-Sonography for the Assessment of Tubal Patency in Women with Infertility: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background/aims: We aimed at performing a systematic review to determine the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (HyCoSy) for detecting tubal occlusion.

Methods: A systematic review in Medline database search from January 1989 to October 2015 to identify relevant studies evaluating 3D-HyCoSy. Eligibility criteria were studies assessing the role of 3D-HyCoSy for diagnosing tubal occlusion in infertile women. Index test was 3D-HyCoSy. Reference standard was laparoscopy with dye test or X-ray hysterosalpingography. Quality was assessed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for the method were estimated.

Results: A total number of 88 papers were identified. After exclusions, nine studies were ultimately included. Pooled estimated sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 91-100) with a moderate heterogeneity (I2: 64.8%, 95% CI 39.6-89.9; and Cochran Q 22.7, p < 0.001). Pooled estimated specificity was 90% (95% CI 83-95) with significant heterogeneity (I2: 80.3%, 95% CI 68.1-92.5; and Cochran Q 40.6, p < 0.001). Positive likelihood ratio was 10.3 (95% CI 5.6-18.7) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.02 (95% CI 0.00-0.21).

Conclusion: 3D-HyCoSy is an accurate test for diagnosing tubal occlusion in women with infertility.