Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comment
. 2016 Feb 9;113(6):1477-9.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1525363113. Epub 2016 Jan 29.

Expanding the phenotype half of the genotype-phenotype space

Affiliations
Comment

Expanding the phenotype half of the genotype-phenotype space

Maja Bućan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Flowchart for the analysis of genome–endophenotype–disease association in psychiatric disorders. Light blue arrow (at top) illustrates a conventional disease or phenotype-first approach for identification of disease risk alleles. The dark blue arrow depicts the sequence-first approach. Exome or whole-genome sequences will identify variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms or copy number variants) or variants in defined gene sets. These variants are tested for functional impact at a molecular level (eQTL, RNA splicing, epigenetic elements, cycling gene expression, or reporter assays) and on organismal endophenotypes (neuroimagining, neurocognitive traits, rest:activity traits). A subset of these endophenotypes will be disease-associated. Heritability estimates will identify endophenotypes with a strong genetic component and those more influenced by environment.

Comment on

  • Genetic contributions to circadian activity rhythm and sleep pattern phenotypes in pedigrees segregating for severe bipolar disorder.
    Pagani L, St Clair PA, Teshiba TM, Service SK, Fears SC, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Makhinson J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya CP, Aldana I, Navarro L, Freimer DG, Safaie B, Keung LW, Greenspan K, Chou K, Escobar JI, Ospina-Duque J, Kremeyer B, Ruiz-Linares A, Cantor RM, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Sabatti C, Bearden CE, Takahashi JS, Freimer NB. Pagani L, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 9;113(6):E754-61. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1513525113. Epub 2015 Dec 28. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016. PMID: 26712028 Free PMC article.

References

    1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Ed Am Psych Publ; Arlington, VA: 2013.
    1. Rumble ME, White KH, Benca RM. Sleep disturbances in mood disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2015;38(4):743–759. - PubMed
    1. Jagannath A, Peirson SN, Foster RG. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in neuropsychiatric illness. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013;23(5):888–894. - PubMed
    1. Pagani L, et al. Genetic contributions to circadian activity rhythm and sleep pattern phenotypes in pedigrees segregating for severe bipolar disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:E754–E761. - PMC - PubMed
    1. McInnes LA, et al. A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93(23):13060–13065. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types