Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Feb 2:9:60.
doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-1872-2.

The intestinal distribution pattern of appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides in mice, rats and pigs

Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen  1 , Rune E Kuhre  2 , Signe Toräng  3 , Jens J Holst  4
Affiliations

The intestinal distribution pattern of appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides in mice, rats and pigs

Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen et al. BMC Res Notes. .

Abstract

Background: Mice, rats, and pigs are the three most used animal models when studying gastrointestinal peptide hormones; however their distribution from the duodenum to the distal colon has not been characterized systematically across mice, rats and pigs. We therefore performed a comparative distribution analysis of the tissue content of the major appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-2), oxyntomodulin/glicentin, neurotensin, and peptide YY (PYY) from the duodenum to distal colon in mice (n = 9), rats (n = 9) and pigs (n = 8), using validated radioimmunoassays.

Results: GLP-1, GLP-2 and oxyntomodulin/glicentin show similar patterns of distribution within the respective species, but for rats and pigs the highest levels were found in the distal small intestine, whereas for the mouse the highest level was found in the distal colon. In rats and pigs, neurotensin was predominantly detected in mid and lower part of the small intestine, while the mouse showed the highest levels in the distal small intestine. In contrast, the distribution of GIP was restricted to the proximal small intestine in all three species. Most surprisingly, in the pig PYY was found in large amounts in the proximal part of the small intestine whereas both rats and mice had undetectable levels until the distal small intestine.

Conclusions: In summary, the distribution patterns of extractable GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin/glicentin, neurotensin are preserved across species whereas PYY distribution showed marked differences.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Tissue concentration of GLP-1, GLP-2 and GLI/OX in mouse, rat and pig. Distribution of proglucagon derived peptides along the gastrointestinal tract in mice, rats and pigs. Data are shown as relative means ± 1SEM (compared to overall average for the respective species). a GLP-1 total, b GLP-2 (intact) and GLI/OX (total) for duodenum (D), proximal jejunum, (PJ), distal ileum (DI), caecum (C), proximal colon (PC) and distal colon (DC). Significance is indicated above respective bars. Significant different (P < 0.05) from a duodenum, b proximal jejunum, c distal ileum, d caecum, e proximal colon and f distal colon
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Tissue concentration of GIP, NT and PYY in mouse, rat and pig. Data are shown as relative means ± 1SEM (compared to overall average for the respective species). a GIP total, B: NT (intact) and PYY (total) from duodenum (D), proximal jejunum, (PJ), distal ileum (DI), caecum (C), proximal colon (PC) and distal colon (DC). Significance are indicated above respective bars. Significant different (P < 0.05) from a duodenum, b proximal jejunum, c distal ileum, d caecum, e proximal colon and f distal colon
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Chaudhri OB, Salem V, Murphy KG, Bloom SR. Gastrointestinal satiety signals. Annu Rev Physiol. 2008;70:239–255. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100506. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Field BC, Chaudhri OB, Bloom SR. Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(8):444–453. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.93. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Holst JJ. Incretin hormones and the satiation signal. Int J Obes (2005) 2013;37(9):1161–1168. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.208. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Heer J, Rasmussen C, Coy DH, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, inhibits glucagon secretion via somatostatin (receptor subtype 2) in the perfused rat pancreas. Diabetologia. Springer-Verlag; 2008. p. 2263–70. - PubMed
    1. Svendsen B, Pedersen J, Albrechtsen NJW, Hartmann B, Toräng S, Rehfeld JF, et al. An analysis of cosecretion and coexpression of gut hormones from male rat proximal and distal small intestine. Endocrinology. 2015;156(3):847–857. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1710. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources