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. 2016 Jun 5;26(6):322-9.
doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20150144. Epub 2016 Jan 30.

Poor Oral Health and Diet in Relation to Weight Loss, Stable Underweight, and Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study From the JAGES 2010 Project

Mieko Nakamura  1 , Toshiyuki Ojima, Miyo Nakade, Rika Ohtsuka, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Kayo Suzuki, Katsunori Kondo
Affiliations

Poor Oral Health and Diet in Relation to Weight Loss, Stable Underweight, and Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study From the JAGES 2010 Project

Mieko Nakamura et al. J Epidemiol. .

Abstract
in English, Japanese

Background: Involuntary weight loss and underweight increase the risks of mortality and disability in older people. However, the association and interaction of poor oral health and dietary intake with body mass index (BMI) have not been elucidated.

Methods: Data were analyzed for 96 794 respondents aged >65 years who were randomly selected from 31 Japanese municipalities in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Weight loss was defined as ≥2-3 kg of loss over the preceding 6 months. BMI was evaluated in respondents without weight loss. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with weight loss, underweight, and obesity as dependent variables and having fewer teeth (<20) and infrequent food intake as independent variables, with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results: Weight loss was associated with having fewer teeth (men: odds ratio [OR] 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.3; women: OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3) and infrequent fruit/vegetable intake (men: OR 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2; women: OR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5) and fish/meat intake (OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3 for both sexes). No interaction was observed between having fewer teeth and food intake. Obesity was associated with the same factors: having fewer teeth (ORs 1.2 and 1.3 for men and women, respectively) and infrequent intake of fruit/vegetables (ORs 1.1 and 1.2 for men and women, respectively) and fish/meat (OR 1.1 for both sexes). Infrequent fruit/vegetable intake showed a higher OR for underweight in women with fewer teeth than for others.

Conclusions: Having fewer teeth and infrequent food intake were associated with both weight loss and obesity. A significant interaction was observed in the associations of having fewer teeth and infrequent food intake with underweight in women.

背景：: 意図しない体重減少や痩せは高齢者の死亡や障害のリスクを増加させる。しかし歯の不健康・食事とボディマスインデックス（BMI）との関連や交互作用は解明されていない。

方法：: 日本老年学的評価研究において日本の31市町から無作為に抽出された65歳以上の回答者96,794人のデータを分析した。体重減少は調査時点に先立つ半年間における2-3kg以上の減少と定義した。BMIは体重減少がない者について評価した。体重減少、痩せ、肥満を従属変数、少ない歯数（20本未満）、食品の低頻度摂取を独立変数として、交絡因子を調整した多重ロジスティック回帰分析を実施した。

結果：: 体重減少は少ない歯数（男性オッズ比（OR）1.3、95％信頼区間（CI）1.2-1.3、女性OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3）、果物・野菜の低頻度摂取(男性OR 1.1、 95% CI 1.1-1.2、 女性OR 1.4、95% CI1.3-1.5)、魚・肉の低頻度摂取(男女OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3)と関連していた。少ない歯数と食品摂取の間の交互作用は見られなかった。肥満も同様の要因と関連していた。すなわち少ない歯数(男性OR 1.2、女性OR 1.3)、果物・野菜の低頻度摂取(男性OR 1.1、女性OR 1.2)、魚・肉の低頻度摂取性（男女OR 1.1)であった。歯数が少ない者はそうでない者に比べ、果物・野菜の低頻度摂取は女性の痩せに対して高いオッズ比を示した。

結論：: 少ない歯数と食品の低頻度摂取は体重減少と肥満の両方に関連し、女性の痩せとの関連では有意な交互作用が観察された。

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