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. 2016 Feb;17(2):158-68.
doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1500211.

Potential natural exposure of endangered red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) to mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A

Da-wei Liu  1   2 , Hong-yi Liu  1 , Hai-bin Zhang  3 , Ming-chang Cao  4 , Yong Sun  1 , Wen-da Wu  3 , Chang-hu Lu  1
Affiliations

Potential natural exposure of endangered red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) to mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A

Da-wei Liu et al. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2016 Feb.

Abstract

A survey was conducted to determine whether mycotoxins were present in the foods consumed by red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China. Collected in the reserve's core, buffer, and experimental zones during overwintering periods of 2013 to 2015, a total of 113 food samples were analyzed for aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contamination incidences vary among different zones and the mycotoxins levels of different food samples also presented disparity. Average mycotoxin concentration from rice grain was greater than that from other food types. Among mycotoxin-positive samples, 59.3% were simultaneously contaminated with more than one toxin. This study demonstrated for the first time that red-crowned cranes were exposed to mycotoxins in the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve and suggested that artificial wetlands could not be considered good habitats for the birds in this reserve, especially rice fields.

Keywords: Food; Mycotoxin; Red-crowned crane; Yancheng Biosphere Reserve.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with ethics guidelines: Da-wei LIU, Hong-yi LIU, Hai-bin ZHANG, Ming-chang CAO, Yong SUN, Wen-da WU, and Chang-hu LU declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Maps showing the Yancheng Biosphere Reserve functional zones (A), its location in Jiangsu Province (B), and its location in China (C)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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