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. 2015;1(3):196-202.
doi: 10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30501-X. Epub 2015 Jun 30.

Soluble CD163 and monocyte populations in response to antiretroviral therapy and in relationship with neuropsychological testing among HIV-infected children

Jintanat Ananworanich  1 , Stephen J Kerr  2 , Tanyathip Jaimulwong  2 , Ung Vibol  3 , Rawiwan Hansudewechakul  4 , Pope Kosalaraksa  5 , Chaiwat Ngampiyaskul  6 , Suparat Kanjanavanit  7 , Jurai Wongsawat  8 , Wicharn Luesomboon  9 , Tanakorn Apornpong  2 , Caroline Soulas  10 , Robert Paul  11 , Kiat Ruxrungtham  12 , Thanyawee Puthanakit  13
Affiliations

Soluble CD163 and monocyte populations in response to antiretroviral therapy and in relationship with neuropsychological testing among HIV-infected children

Jintanat Ananworanich et al. J Virus Erad. 2015.

Abstract

Background: Monocytes play a central role in HIV neuropathogenesis, but there are limited data on monocyte subsets and markers of monocyte activation in perinatally HIV-infected children.

Objective: To determine the relationship between monocyte subsets, the sCD163 monocyte activation marker, and neuropsychological performance among perinatally HIV-infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: ART-naïve children from the PREDICT study were categorised into two groups: those on ART for ≥24 weeks (ART group, n =201) and those untreated (no ART group, n =79). This analysis used data from the baseline and week 144 including sCD163 and frequencies of activated monocytes (CD14+/CD16+/HLA-DR+), perivascular monocytes (CD14+/CD16+/CD163+ and CD14low/CD16+/CD163+), and neuropsychological testing scores: Verbal and Performance Intelligence Quotient (VIQ and PIQ), Beery Visuomotor Integration (VMI) and Children's Color Trails 2 (CT2).

Results: Baseline demographic and HIV disease parameters were similar between groups. The median age was 6 years, CD4 was 20% (620 cells/mm3), and HIV RNA was 4.8 log10. By week 144, the ART vs the no ART group had significantly higher CD4 (938 vs 552 cells/mm3) and lower HIV RNA (1.6 vs 4.38 log10 copies/mL, P <0.05). sCD163 declined in the ART vs no ART group (median changes -2533 vs -159 ng/mL, P <0.0001). Frequencies of all monocyte subsets declined in the treated but not the untreated group (P <0.05). Higher CD14+/CD16+/HLA-DR+ percentage was associated with higher VIQ, Beery VMI and CT2 scores. Higher percentages of CD14+/CD16+/CD163+ and CD14low/CD16+/CD163+ were associated with higher CT2 and VIQ, respectively.

Conclusion: ART significantly reduced sCD163 levels and frequencies of activated and perivascular monocytes. Higher frequencies of these cells correlated with better neuropsychological performance suggesting a protective role of monocyte-macrophage immune activation in perinatal HIV infection in terms of neuropsychological function.

Keywords: ART; HIV; children; immune activation; monocyte; neurocognition; neuropsychological testing; sCD163.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Soluble CD163 (sCD163) and monocyte subsets at baseline and week 144 in children who are on ART vs those not on ART. (a) sCD163 levels; (b) Frequency of CD14+/CD16+/HLA-DR+ cells; (c): Frequency of CD14+/CD16+/CD163+ cells: (d) Frequency of CD14low/CD16+/CD163+ cells NB: There were 201 children in the ART group (●) and 78 in the no ART group (♦)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The associations between verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) scores and sCD163 and monocyte subsets at week 144 (a) VIQ vs sCD163 levels; (b) VIQ vs frequency of CD14+/CD16+/HLA-DR+ cells; (c) VIQ vs frequency of CD14+/CD16+/CD163+ cells; (d) VIQ vs. frequency of CD14low/CD16+/CD163+ cells. NB: There were 201 children in the ART group (●) and 78 in the no ART group (♦)
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