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. 2016 Jan-Mar;39(1):48-59.
doi: 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000103.

On Virtual Presence

Valarie S Grumme  1 , Charlotte D Barry, Shirley C Gordon, Marilyn A Ray
Affiliations

On Virtual Presence

Valarie S Grumme et al. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2016 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Advances in health care and communication technology have expanded nursing practice to nontraditional environments that preclude the physical presence of the nurse for a caring encounter. An increasing number of nurses are creating and maintaining nurse-patient relationships and practicing in a diverse range of specialties in virtual/distance environments. Can nursing presence as a caring modality be "real" in a virtual/distance environment? A new ontology of nursing presence is offered that transcends people, place, space, and time.

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