Trends in Follow-Up of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Symptomatic Cholelithiasis

Abstract

Background: Fewer than 25% of Medicare beneficiaries presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis undergo elective cholecystectomy. To better understand underuse of cholecystectomy, we examined physician follow-up patterns after emergency department (ED) visits for symptomatic gallstones.

Study design: We used 100% Texas Medicare claims (2001 to 2010) to identify patients 66 years of age and older who presented to the ED with symptomatic cholelithiasis and were discharged home without cholecystectomy. Timing of outpatient physician visits after ED discharge and rates of emergent cholecystectomy based on physician follow-up patterns were compared.

Results: In total, 11,126 patients presented to the ED with symptomatic cholelithiasis and were discharged without cholecystectomy. After discharge, 5,327 patients (47.9%) had an outpatient surgeon visit, 29.0% saw another physician and never saw a surgeon, and 23.1% never saw a physician; 68.2% of patients who saw a surgeon underwent elective cholecystectomy; and 8.3% of patients who saw a surgeon, 14.6% of patients who saw other physicians and no surgeon, and 77.6% of patients who never saw any physician, required emergent hospitalization (p < 0.0001). For people who did not see a physician, mean time to emergent hospitalization was 7.5 days (median 2 days); 95.9% presented within 2 weeks after their initial presentation.

Conclusions: Fewer than half of patients were evaluated by a surgeon after an initial ED visit for symptomatic gallstones. Patients who did not have physician follow-up were most likely to require emergent cholecystectomy, suggesting inappropriate ED discharge and highlighting the need for timely follow-up. Early outpatient surgical consultation is critical in determining appropriateness for cholecystectomy and avoiding emergent cholecystectomy in older patients with symptomatic gallstones.

Figure 1

Cohort selection diagram for patients seen in the emergency department for acute gallstone disease and subsequently discharged without admission and/or cholecystectomy.

Figure 2

Trajectory of follow-up in all patients seen in the emergency department for acute gallstone disease (2001-2010). ED, Emergency department; PCP, Primary care physician

Figure 3

Timing of rehospitalization in patients discharged from the emergency department with symptomatic cholelithiasis and who did not see a physician in the follow-up period (n=2,000). Mean time to emergent hospitalization was 7.5 days (median=2 days).