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Review
. 2016 Feb 3;7(1):6.
doi: 10.3390/insects7010006.

Integrated Pest Management of Coffee Berry Borer: Strategies from Latin America that Could Be Useful for Coffee Farmers in Hawaii

Luis F Aristizábal  1 , Alex E Bustillo  2 , Steven P Arthurs  3
Affiliations
Review

Integrated Pest Management of Coffee Berry Borer: Strategies from Latin America that Could Be Useful for Coffee Farmers in Hawaii

Luis F Aristizábal et al. Insects. .

Abstract

The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is the primary arthropod pest of coffee plantations worldwide. Since its detection in Hawaii (September 2010), coffee growers are facing financial losses due to reduced quality of coffee yields. Several control strategies that include cultural practices, biological control agents (parasitoids), chemical and microbial insecticides (entomopathogenic fungi), and a range of post-harvest sanitation practices have been conducted to manage CBB around the world. In addition, sampling methods including the use of alcohol based traps for monitoring CBB populations have been implemented in some coffee producing countries in Latin America. It is currently unclear which combination of CBB control strategies is optimal under economical, environmental, and sociocultural conditions of Hawaii. This review discusses components of an integrated pest management program for CBB. We focus on practical approaches to provide guidance to coffee farmers in Hawaii. Experiences of integrated pest management (IPM) of CBB learned from Latin America over the past 25 years may be relevant for establishing strategies of control that may fit under Hawaiian coffee farmers' conditions.

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana; Cathartus quadricollis; Cephalonomia stephanoderis; Hypothenemus hampei; Phymastichus coffea; Prorops nasuta; biological control; cultural practices; monitoring; post-harvest.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Feral coffee in Hawaii may allow the spread of CBB, (A); over-ripe and raisin berries are high source of CBB (B); berries collected from the ground helps control CBB (C); green berries attacked by CBB (D). Photos taken in Pahala, Hawaii by Libia C. Mahé, and Luis F. Aristizábal.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evaluating the infestation levels of CBB (A), in position AB the CBB is vulnerable to insecticides (B); in the CD position CBB only can be controlled by removal of berries or natural enemies (C); recording the information (D). Photos taken in Pahala, Hawaii by Juan A. Aristizábal and Luis F. Aristizábal.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between CBB infestations levels and damage on parchment coffee. Data from 30 coffee farms in Quindío, Colombia (Source: Aristizábal [84]).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Coffee tree with berries at developmental stages from flowering to maturity (A); tall trees with many verticals and narrow spacing (<2 m) makes collection difficult (B); trees with <4 verticals and spacing >2 m simplifies harvest (C); weeds obscure fallen berries (D); weed management facilitate harvesting (E); CBB in AB position infected by B. bassiana (F); Photos taken in Pahala, Hawaii, by Libia C. Mahé, and Luis F. Aristizábal.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Silos used to process harvested coffee without cover allows escape of CBB (A), container with hot water to control CBB in harvest bags (B); silo cover with transparent plastic smeared with grease to capture CBB in Colombia (C); drying parchment coffee in open areas allow escape of CBB (D); and enclosure for dry parchment coffee used to prevent CBB escape in Colombia, (E). Coffee plantations in Kona, Hawaii and in Quimbaya, Colombia. Photos taken by Luis F. Aristizábal.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Traditional Kona-style and Beaumont-Fukunaga pruning (A); stump pruning by blocks (B); training coffee farmers and technicians on IPM (C); coffee brands produced in Kau and Kona, Hawaii (D). Coffee plantations in Pahala and Kona, Hawaii. Photos taken by Libia C. Mahé and Luis F. Aristizábal.
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References

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