The predictive value of preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET for postoperative recurrence in patients with localized primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the potential value of preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET to predict postoperative recurrence of solitary localized primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) after radical resection.

Methods: A total of 46 patients with primary GIST who received preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET and underwent complete resection without neoadjuvant therapy were retrospectively studied. PET findings, including ring-shaped uptake and intense uptake, were compared with Joensuu risk grades using Fisher's exact test. The prognostic value of the preoperative clinico-imaging variables-age ≥60 years, male, ring-shaped uptake, intense uptake, tumour size >5 cm, heterogeneous CT attenuation and lower gastrointestinal origin-and Joensuu high risk for recurrence-free survival was evaluated using log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results: Ring-shaped uptake and intense uptake were significantly associated with Joensuu high risk. Univariate analysis showed that ring-shaped uptake, intense uptake, size >5 cm and Joensuu high risk were significantly associated with inferior recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that ring-shaped uptake (P = 0.004) and Joensuu high risk (P = 0.021) were independent adverse prognostic factors of postoperative recurrence.

Conclusions: Ring-shaped uptake on preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET may be a potential predictor of postoperative tumour recurrence of localized primary GISTs.

Key points: • Clinical course of resectable solitary localized primary GISTs varies widely. • Ring-shaped uptake is an independent adverse prognostic factor of postoperative recurrence. • Preoperative ¹⁸ F-FDG PET may help predict postoperative recurrence of GISTs.

Keywords: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET); Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST); Postoperative recurrence; Recurrence-free survival; Ring-shaped uptake.