Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Feb 1;8(1):e71-7.
doi: 10.4317/jced.52493. eCollection 2016 Feb.

Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against dental caries bacteria: An in vitro study

Sapna B Shetty  1 , Prabu Mahin-Syed-Ismail  2 , Shaji Varghese  3 , Bibin Thomas-George  4 , Pathinettam Kandathil-Thajuraj  5 , Deepak Baby  6 , Shaista Haleem  7 , Sreeja Sreedhar  8 , Darshan Devang-Divakar  9
Affiliations
Review

Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against dental caries bacteria: An in vitro study

Sapna B Shetty et al. J Clin Exp Dent. .

Abstract

Background: Ethnomedicine is gaining admiration since years but still there is abundant medicinal flora which is unrevealed through research. The study was conducted to assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts with a view of searching a novel extract as a remedy for dental caries pathogens.

Material and methods: Aqueous and ethanol (cold and hot) extracts prepared from peel of Citrus sinensis were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, using agar well diffusion method. The lowest concentration of every extract considered as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for both test organisms. One way ANOVA with Post Hoc Bonferroni test was applied for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively.

Results: Dental caries pathogens were inhibited most by hot ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensispeel followed by cold ethanolic extract. Aqueous extracts were effective at very high concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration of hot and cold ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel ranged between 12-15 mg/ml against both the dental caries pathogens.

Conclusions: Citrus sinensispeels extract was found to be effective against dental caries pathogens and contain compounds with therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, clinical trials on the effect of these plants are essential before advocating large-scale therapy.

Key words: Agar well diffusion, antimicrobial activity, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement:None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean zone of inhibition (mm) of all extracts of Citrus sinensis on Streptococcus mutans.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean zone of inhibition (mm) of all extracts of Citrus sinensis on Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against dental caries pathogens on specific media for each microorganism.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Phytochemical analysis of orange peel extract.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Hotwani K, Baliga S, Sharma K. Phytodentistry: use of medicinal plants. J Complement Integr Med. 2014;11:233–51. - PubMed
    1. Shakthi Deve A, Sathish Kumar T, Kumaresan K, Rapheal VS. Extraction process optimization of polyphenols from Indian Citrus sinensis - as novel antiglycative agents in the management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13:11. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grosso G, Galvano F, Mistretta A, Marventano S, Nolfo F, Calabrese G. Red orange: experimental models and epidemiological evidence of its benefits on human health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:157240. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mehmood B, Dar KK, Ali S, Awan UA, Nayyer AQ, Ghous T. Short communication: in vitro assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of peel of Citrus sinensis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28:231–9. - PubMed
    1. Akdemir Evrendilek G. Empirical prediction and validation of antibacterial inhibitory effects of various plant essential oils on common pathogenic bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015;202:35–41. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources