Therapeutic effect of melatonin on pediatric functional dyspepsia: A pilot study

Abstract

Aim: To study the effectiveness of melatonin vs placebo in children with functional dyspepsia (FD).

Methods: The study was conducted as a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled crossover trial. Subjects were aged 8-17 years and diagnosed with FD based on Rome III criteria. All subjects had failed to respond to 4 wk of acid suppression. Subjects receive a continuous two weeks of placebo and a continuous two weeks of melatonin in an order blinded to the participant and the study team. A Global Clinical Score was obtained to assess changes in abdominal pain. Pain was self-reported to be worse (grade 1), no change (grade 2), moderate improvement (grade 3), good (grade 4; minimal pain and not interfering with daily activities), or excellent (grade 5; no pain), respectively. A positive clinical response was defined as a grade 3 or greater response. Subjects wore an actigraph to assess sleep during a one week baseline period and during each treatment period. Subjects' sleep latency and total sleep time were recorded throughout the duration of the study.

Results: Fourteen subjects were enrolled and 12 completed the study. One withdrew prior to starting both melatonin and placebo and the other before starting melatonin. A positive clinical response (grade 3-5) was achieved in 42% of subjects on melatonin vs 50% of subjects on placebo (NS). Effect size was calculated and revealed a Cohen's D of 0.343 which demonstrates a medium effect favoring placebo. A grade 4 or grade 5 response was seen in 4 patients on melatonin and 5 patients on placebo. Baseline sleep parameters were in the healthy range with the longest sleep latency being just over 20 min (mean 7.46 ± 8.53 min) and the shortest sleep duration just over 7 h (mean 10.09 ± 2.72 h). The mean latency did not differ between periods of treatment with melatonin as compared to placebo (4.48 ± 6.45 min vs 3.58 ± 4.24 min; NS). The mean sleep duration did not differ between periods of treatment with melatonin as compared to placebo (9.90 ± 3.53 h vs 9.41 ± 2.70 h; NS).

Conclusion: Melatonin does not appear to have efficacy in relieving pain in unselected pediatric FD. Future studies should consider FD subtypes, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and baseline sleep disturbances.

Keywords: Abdominal pain; Actigraphy; Functional dyspepsia; Melatonin; Sleep duration; Sleep latency.

Figure 1

Overall % of patients with each global response grade on melatonin vs placebo.