Towards exergaming commons: composing the exergame ontology for publishing open game data

Abstract

Background: It has been shown that exergames have multiple benefits for physical, mental and cognitive health. Only recently, however, researchers have started considering them as health monitoring tools, through collection and analysis of game metrics data. In light of this and initiatives like the Quantified Self, there is an emerging need to open the data produced by health games and their associated metrics in order for them to be evaluated by the research community in an attempt to quantify their potential health, cognitive and physiological benefits.

Methods: We have developed an ontology that describes exergames using the Web Ontology Language (OWL); it is available at http://purl.org/net/exergame/ns#. After an investigation of key components of exergames, relevant ontologies were incorporated, while necessary classes and properties were defined to model these components. A JavaScript framework was also developed in order to apply the ontology to online exergames. Finally, a SPARQL Endpoint is provided to enable open data access to potential clients through the web.

Results: Exergame components include details for players, game sessions, as well as, data produced during these game-playing sessions. The description of the game includes elements such as goals, game controllers and presentation hardware used; what is more, concepts from already existing ontologies are reused/repurposed. Game sessions include information related to the player, the date and venue where the game was played, as well as, the results/scores that were produced/achieved. These games are subsequently played by 14 users in multiple game sessions and the results derived from these sessions are published in a triplestore as open data.

Conclusions: We model concepts related to exergames by providing a standardized structure for reference and comparison. This is the first work that publishes data from actual exergame sessions on the web, facilitating the integration and analysis of the data, while allowing open data access through the web in an effort to enable the concept of Open Trials for Active and Healthy Ageing.

Keywords: Active and healthy ageing; Exergame commons; Exergames; Linked open data; Ontology; Open clinical trials; Serious games.

Fig. 1

Exergame ontology overview. A graphical representation of the ontology. All classes and properties that do not have a prefix belong to exergame ontology

Fig. 2

Exergame architecture. An illustration of exergame’s components along with their semantic description. Dark blocks refer to concepts that can be modeled using the exergame ontology. In each of these blocks, the classes being used to model these concepts are included inside brackets. The remaining (light) blocks will be incorporated to the ontology in a following version.