Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Apr;31(2):223-8.
doi: 10.1177/0884533615627266. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Hypophosphatemia, Hypomagnesemia, and Hypokalemia in Pediatric Patients Before and During Exclusive Individualized Parenteral Nutrition

Affiliations

Hypophosphatemia, Hypomagnesemia, and Hypokalemia in Pediatric Patients Before and During Exclusive Individualized Parenteral Nutrition

Taís Daiene Russo Hortencio et al. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia occur in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), mainly when the body's stores are depleted due to fasting or inflammation. Although these disorders are potentially fatal, few studies have reported the incidence in the pediatric population.

Methods: This study evaluated, in a historical cohort of pediatric patients, the prevalence of hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesaemia until 48 hours before initiation of PN infusion (P1) and from days 1-4 (P2) and days 5-7 (P3) of PN infusion and investigated if malnutrition, calories, and protein infusion were correlated to these disorders.

Results: Malnutrition was present in 32.8% (n = 119) of the subjects; 66.4% of the patients were in the pediatric intensive care unit. Survival rate was 86.6%. P1 had the highest prevalence of mineral disorders, with 54 events (58.1%; P2, n = 35, 37.6%; P3, n = 4, 4.3%). Hypokalemia events were related to malnutrition (odds ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-7.14; P = .045). In the first 7 days, infused calories were below the amount recommended by current guidelines in up to 84.9% of patients, and protein infused was adequate in up to 75.7%. Protein infused above the recommendation in the first 4 days was related to hypomagnesaemia (odds ratio, 5.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-25.79; P = .033).

Conclusion: Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia were frequent in hospitalized pediatric patients before and during the first 4 days of PN infusion. Patients with malnutrition had more chances of having hypokalemia, and those who received high protein infusion had an increased chance of developing hypomagnesemia.

Keywords: hypokalemia; hypomagnesemia; hypophosphatemia; parenteral nutrition; pediatrics; refeeding syndrome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

Cited by

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources