Pyruvate Improved Insulin Secretion Status in a Mitochondrial Diabetes Mellitus Patient

Abstract

Context: Mitochondrial diabetes is a rare form of diabetes mellitus accounting for up to 1% of all diabetes. Pyruvate therapy has been reported to be a potential therapeutic choice for patients with mitochondrial diseases.

Case description: Water-based sodium pyruvate solutions (0.5 g/kg, thrice daily) were administrated orally to a 32-year-old Japanese male with mitochondrial diabetes and myopathy caused by m.14709T>C mutation. At the age of 20 years, he was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and started insulin therapy. He tested negative for islet cell and glutamic decarboxylase antibodies. To evaluate favorable therapeutic improvements, we measured the lactate and pyruvate levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid; urinary C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin, and glycoalbumin levels; and total daily insulin dose (TDD). The patient experienced no side effects such as diarrhea because of pyruvate therapy. His urinary C-peptide level improved from 4.3 to 17.2 μg/d after 1 day and to 30.2 μg/d after 6 months of pyruvate therapy. TDD decreased from 33 to 20 U/d after 6 months of pyruvate therapy, but the lactate levels of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and the lactate/pyruvate ratio did not change.

Conclusions: Sodium pyruvate improved insulin secretion and resulted in decreased TDD in a patient with mitochondrial diabetes. Pyruvate therapy may be a potential therapeutic choice for patients with mitochondrial diabetes. Clinical trials involving a larger number of patients and long-term evaluation of the therapy are necessary to clarify the efficacy of pyruvate therapy.